Bunyaviruses

Be aware that significant taxonomic re-organization has occurred within the last couple of years. Order = "Bunyaviriales" # Family: Peri-bunyaviridae Bunyawerma virus is associated with fever, rash, and joint pain. Endemic in several African countries. La Crosse virus is associated with fever, headache, vomiting, nausea, and, seizures. Infection sometimes leads to encephalitis. La Crosse virus is found in the United States. California encephalitis virus is associated with encephalitis, especially in children younger than 16 years. Found in the United States. Oropouche virus is associated with high fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, and vomiting; it is known to cause meningitis. Found in South and Central America. # Family: Hantaviridae Transmitted by rodent vectors (usually in rodent urine). Hantaan virus causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Characterized by renal tubule necrosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and bleeding; if untreated, patients experience hypotension and shock. Found in several Eastern Asia countries. Sin Nombre virus causes Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Characterized by acute pulmonary edema, dyspnea, and hypoxemia; without intervention, hypotension and shock can occur. Found in North America. # Family: Phenumoviridae Rift Valley phlebovirus is associated with hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and blindness. Endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, and appears to be spreading. Sandfly fever phleobovirus (aka, Pappataci fever virus) is associated with fever, headache, pain, photophobia, and stomach pains.Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevated liver enzymes and creatine kinase are common. Toscana sandfly virus is associated with encephalitis Sandfly virus is found in the Mediterranean region Heartland virus is associated with fever, headache, pain, nausea, and diarrhea. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevated liver enzymes are also common. Member of the Bhanja serogroup. Found in the United States. # Family: Nairoviridae Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus causes fever, headache, and body pains, as well as abdominal pain, nausea, and, sometimes, jaundice. Some patients experience flushing, and have redness in their eyes and throat. As the illness progresses, hemorrhaging occurs, and can lead to widespread bruising. Endemic in Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean region, as well as parts of Africa and India.